Waging Peace:  Bosnia

Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and former First Lady Rosalynn Carter traveled to the former Yugoslavia in December 1994 to support efforts to help bring an end to the fighting there. The Carters, who went as private citizens accompanied by Carter Center staff, were successful in brokering terms that resulted in a four-month cease-fire agreement and a pledge from all sides to resume peace talks. The Center's Conflict Resolution Program had monitored developments in the region since February 1993.

In the Balkans, President Carter held extensive discussions with the presidents of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia; the U.N. special representative for the former Yugoslavia; current and former U.S. representatives to the multinational Contact Group; U.N. Protective Force staff; representatives of relief agencies and human rights groups; and leaders of the Bosnian Serbs. After two days of talks, the leaders of Bosnia's Muslim-led government and the Bosnian Serbs reached agreement on a cease-fire and on the resumption of peace talks under the auspices of the Contact Group. Although fighting escalated after the cease-fire expired in May 1995, Carter Center staff worked to keep the lines of communication open among the parties in Bosnia, the U.S. State Department, and the United Nations.

In June 1995, President Carter and Gen. John Galvin, former supreme allied commander in Europe, testified jointly in hearings before the Senate Armed Services Committee, urging that U.S. influence be used to bring warring Muslims, Croats, and Serbs back to the negotiating table; that U.N. peacekeepers not be withdrawn from the country; and that the international arms embargo not be lifted. The hearing marked the first time President Carter had testified before a congressional committee and made him the first former president since Harry Truman to testify on Capitol Hill.

The U.S. government held talks for 21 days in November 1995 in Dayton, Ohio, resulting in a peace agreement between Croatia, Bosnia, and Serbia (representing the Bosnian Serbs) that brought an end to 43 months of fighting and led to the deployment of 60,000 NATO troops in Bosnia in preparation for elections scheduled for September 1996. Staff of the Carter Center's Conflict Resolution Program continue to closely monitor the situation in Bosnia and make periodic trips to the region.